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Bronx River Parkway

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Bronx River Parkway
Map
Bronx River Parkway highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NYSDOT and Westchester County
Length19.12 mi[1] (30.77 km)
Existed1908–present
HistoryCompleted in 1952
Tourist
routes		New York State Scenic Byway
RestrictionsNo commercial vehicles
Major junctions
South end I-278 / Story Avenue in Soundview
Major intersections
North end NY 22 / Taconic State Parkway in North Castle
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountiesBronx, Westchester
Highway system

The Bronx River Parkway (sometimes abbreviated as the Bronx Parkway) is a 19.12-mile (30.77 km) limited-access parkway in downstate New York in the United States. It is named for the nearby Bronx River, which it parallels. The southern terminus of the parkway is at Story Avenue near the Bruckner Expressway in the Bronx neighborhood of Soundview. The northern terminus is at Kensico Circle in North Castle, Westchester County, where the parkway connects to the Taconic State Parkway and via a short connector, New York State Route 22 (NY 22). Within the Bronx, the parkway is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation and is designated New York State Route 907H (NY 907H), an unsigned reference route. In Westchester County, the parkway is maintained by the Westchester County Department of Public Works and is designated unsigned County Route 9987 (CR 9987).

Most of the exits on the parkway, including the traffic light-controlled intersections in Westchester County, have interchange numbers. The term "Bronx River Parkway" originally referred to the Bronx River Reservation, New York's first linear park, of which the road is a portion, from the Bronx–Westchester county line to Kensico Dam Plaza. Current usage of the term is confined to the roadway, but extends it to the portion which now continues southward beyond the Reservation.[2] Its northern terminus ends with a rotary near the Kensico Dam with exits for the Taconic State Parkway and NY 22.

Route description

[edit]

The southern third of the parkway, in the Bronx, is exclusively controlled-access. It serves as a commuter route, intersecting several major east–west routes. Halfway through the borough it begins to closely parallel the Harlem Line of Metro-North Railroad, a pairing which continues to the road's northern terminus.

In Westchester County, the road continues to have the same character until the Sprain Brook Parkway splits off at Bronxville, allowing most through traffic to bypass White Plains. The stretches north of that junction have more of the original park character, and are still used that way. North of White Plains, all interchanges are at-grade intersections with traffic lights.

The Bronx

[edit]

The parkway begins at Story Avenue in the neighborhood of Soundview in the Bronx, where two roadways merge near Metcalf and Morrison Avenues. Immediately to the north is the cloverleaf interchange at the Bruckner Expressway (Interstate 278 or I-278), where most traffic enters the parkway, which begins as a six-lane freeway.[3] Basketball courts and baseball fields flank the highway in the strip of parkland as the road leads to the north, slightly northwestward. North of Watson Avenue, within a half-mile (1 km) of the southern terminus, an on-ramp carries northbound traffic from Metcalf. The corresponding offramp for southbound traffic merges onto Harrod Avenue north of Westchester Avenue.[4]

Signage at exit 6 for the Bronx Zoo on the southbound side. (I-895 has since been redesignated NY 895)

Now in West Farms, the Bronx River Parkway has an onramp to the southbound lanes from East 174th Street. North of it is exit 4, the interchange with the Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95). The single ramp of exit 5 allows southbound traffic to follow East 177th Street to NY 895 (Sheridan Boulevard) and the Triborough Bridge.[4] North of the interchange the road veers to the northeast slightly and crosses the railroad tracks of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor line.[5] At East 180th Street, the linear park ends temporarily. The road becomes elevated to cross the East 180th Street Yard along the New York City Subway's IRT White Plains Road Line, which carries the 2 and ​5 services, as well as the former New York, Westchester and Boston Railway.[6] After crossing the yard, wooded surroundings resume as the parkway follows the eastern edge of the Bronx Zoo in the Bronx Park neighborhood and the Bronx River, which gives the road its name, begins to follow it on the west.[7] On the northbound side, as it enters the park, is an unnumbered exit allowing authorized vehicles (like those of people working at the NYC Parks Department) access to local streets via Birchall Avenue.[8]

Bronx River Parkway southbound at exit 10C

A quarter-mile to the north is the main exit for the zoo at Boston Road, with access to Boston Road (U.S. Route 1 or US 1 northbound) for northbound traffic, then the full cloverleaf at Pelham Parkway, where traffic can join US 1 southbound on Fordham Road. Past the exit the large wooded area on the west is the New York Botanical Garden,[7] a National Historic Landmark (NHL).[9] One half-mile (1 km) further north, exit 8 allows access to the Mosholu Parkway and Allerton Avenue.[10] At the next exit, Gun Hill Road, the Williamsbridge station serving that neighborhood on Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, which closely parallels the parkway from this point on, is located immediately west of the highway.[11] The railroad tracks join the river and the parkland in paralleling the road north as it continues straight along the east edge of Woodlawn Cemetery,[12] another NHL.[13]

Almost a mile and a half (2.4 km) to the north, the Woodlawn station is located at the northeast corner of the cemetery next to the East 233rd Street exit.[14] The highway bends left and then right again, crossing the river and the railroad, near the split along the tracks between the Harlem and New Haven lines immediately north of the station. After the curves, the Bronx River Parkway crosses the county line into Westchester County at the McLean Avenue/Nereid Avenue overpass and leaves the Bronx.[15]

Westchester County

[edit]

Once across the county line the parkway is in Yonkers, close to its boundary with Mount Vernon.[16] A southbound exit, 10C, serves Bronx River Road at Wakefield Avenue near that train station a quarter-mile (500 m) north of the county line, even though the station is in the Bronx and the Harlem Line enters Westchester north of it.[17] Northound traffic has 10A, for Mount Vernon Avenue and Yonkers Avenue at the Mount Vernon West station three-quarters of a mile (1.21 km) to the north.[18] Another southbound exit, 10B, serves Bronx River Road just to the north at its Mile Square Road and Winfred Avenue intersections.[3] The park widens around the highway as it bends slightly, heading even more to the northeast. Just past this is exit 11, the Cross County Parkway, where the road swings toward the east to allow space for the complex of onramps that also allow access to Broad Street and the Fleetwood station.[19] A half-mile north of that junction, the parkland and the roadway narrow as Bronxville becomes the community on the opposite side of the Bronx River.[20]

The road then turns sharply to the northwest, away from the Harlem Line, and becomes a four-lane freeway. Vehicles continuing are now on the Sprain Brook Parkway, for which this is the southern terminus; traffic for the BRP must exit. The exit numbers reset; the new exit 1, Paxton Avenue in Bronxville, is on the northbound lanes just north of the split (exit 1A allows southbound traffic to leave the parkway for Desmond Avenue just before merging). Exit 2, West Pondfield Road, also northbound-only, is a thousand feet (300 m) to the north as the highway curves around downtown Bronxville to the east. Here, the road runs through the Armour Villa neighborhood until it runs under the Tuckahoe Road bridge. Almost a mile (1.6 km) separates it from the next exit, at Elm Street in Tuckahoe. The park continues to parallel the parkway, with paved bike paths and a large pond. A thousand feet to the north, Scarsdale Road is the first at-grade interchange, and the parkway becomes a four-lane expressway, turning sharply to the east, then back to the northeast more gradually. Exit 8, Thompson Street, serves the nearby Crestwood station as the Harlem Line's tracks begin to parallel the road again. Another three-quarter mile north, after the road has resumed its northeast course, comes the next at-grade exit, Leewood Drive, on the northbound side.

A quarter-mile (500 m) to the north are abandoned parking lots on both sides that were once gas stations. One-tenth of a mile (150 m) to the north, the roadways diverge and the river runs between them. Just beyond this is another at-grade interchange, Harney and Strathmore Roads. The roadways remain apart through a wooded section as they curve westward for the next three-quarter mile, returning to the highway's northeastern heading as it leaves Yonkers and briefly enters Greenburgh south of the southbound Ardsley Road exit east of downtown Scarsdale. Just after it curves eastward again and crosses the Harlem Line, entering Scarsdale, traffic can enter and exit at Crane Road and East Parkway with southbound traffic using a light to cross over the northbound lanes and no entrance onto the southbound lanes. In the next 2.2-mile (3.5 km) stretch, where it becomes a four-lane freeway, there are exits for Ogden and Butler Roads from the northbound lanes. Fenimore Road, just east of the Hartsdale and its train station, is a northbound exit with southbound entry. Just to its north, southbound traffic can exit onto Greenacres Avenue. The parkway begins heading even more to the northeast, the tracks immediately adjacent, past northbound exits for River and Claremont roads.

Just north of the latter exit, the highway enters White Plains, the Westchester county seat. After the northbound Walworth crossing exit, it turns northwest across the river and the tracks and then resumes its northeasterly course. A half-mile (1 km) north it reaches the Main Street (NY 119) northbound exit/southbound entrance, just west of the White Plains station on the west side of heavily developed downtown White Plains. It bends north and then northwest to the first of several at-grade intersections with traffic lights, also signed and numbered as exits, with Central Avenue (NY 100), at the Westchester County Center, where it reverts to a four-lane expressway. From here, parkway traffic is also directed toward the nearby Cross Westchester Expressway (I-287) via NY 119, as the parkway has no direct interchange with it.

The two roadways once again diverge, becoming almost 400 feet (120 m) apart in the half-mile (1 km) before they converge again as they reach the Old Tarrytown Road intersection just north of the expressway. Beyond it the parkway goes due north before curving slightly into the Fisher Lane intersection just west of the last Metro-North station along the parkway, North White Plains. The Maryton and Virginia Road intersections follow, spaced roughly a thousand feet (300 m) apart. Another thousand feet from that intersection, the highway turns to the northeast again as the roadways diverge and cross the Harlem Line and the Bronx River for the last time. Northbound traffic has the last exit, exit 27, onto Washington Avenue North. Kensico Dam is visible in the distance as the parkway reaches its northern terminus at Kensico Circle, southern terminus of the Taconic State Parkway, also listed on the Register.

A seven-mile (11 km) section of the Bronx River Parkway in Westchester County south of White Plains is closed to motorist traffic from 10 AM to 2 PM select Sundays in May, June, September and October (with the exception of Memorial and Labor Day weekends), allowing bicyclists to venture along the scenic road. Another section north of the one reserved for bicyclists is reserved for inline skating.[21] This program is sponsored by Con Edison and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.

History

[edit]
Southern end of original parkway
Plaque at 211th Street
At 213th Street, looking south
At 213th Street, looking north

Construction began in Westchester County in 1907, making it the earliest limited-access highway to start construction.[22] However, although construction on the Long Island Motor Parkway began a year later, a section of the Long Island road opened for traffic before the end of 1908, opening before the Bronx River Parkway as the first limited-access highway to be put into use.[23] Neither was up to modern freeway standards, utilizing left turns across the opposing direction at access points.[23][24]

The Bronx River Parkway was the first highway to utilize a median strip to separate the opposing lanes, the first highway constructed through a park, and the first highway where intersecting streets crossed over bridges.[25][26]

The Westchester section of the Bronx River Parkway first opened to traffic in 1922 and was completed in 1925.[27][28] A new roadway in the New York City borough of the Bronx including an extension south of the former Botanical Gardens/Burke Avenue terminus opened in 1951.[29] That extension diverges eastward from the river.

From 1953 to 1955, a 2.6-mile (4.2 km) segment of the parkway between Bronxville and the Bronx was closed to straighten and widen the road. During this reconstruction period, a new overpass was also built for the Cross County Parkway.[30][31][32]

In 1957, a half mile stretch of the Parkway between Woodland Viaduct in White Plains and the Scarsdale border was reconstructed to eliminate sharp dips and twists that purportedly provided a "roller coaster-like" effect for drivers.[33]

Late exit modifications

[edit]

During the 1960s and since then an entrance and exit on the northbound side between current exits 5 and 6 in the Bronx, and an associated U-turn from southbound to northbound, formerly open to general traffic, were reserved for official use by police and the Parks Dept. which maintains an office there. This was around the time other U-turns were being eliminated from various parkways in New York City.

A gas station in the wide median between Bronx exits 7 and 8, north of the pedestrian overpass to the Botanical Garden, was closed due to fire in the early 1980s and has since been razed and the median relandscaped.[34] Of a pair of former gas stations on the outer margins of the roadway in Westchester near Crestwood, the southbound one is currently being used as a Westchester County Police Sub-Station, and the northbound used only as a tourist information stand.[35]

The interchange with the Cross County Parkway did not provide direct access to and from both directions of the latter until extra ramps and an extra overpass were provided beginning in the 1970s. The original interchange is now exit 11W.

In 2009 the northbound exit ramp to Oak Street in Yonkers was replaced by an exit to Yonkers Avenue, a block to the south. From 2012 to 2015, a realignment and bridge replacement project was carried out in Scarsdale.[36]

Truncation and extension

[edit]

The Bronx River Parkway originally went beyond its northern terminus at Kensico Circle to NY Route 22 northbound. Today, the most obvious route through the circle leads motorists directly to and from the Taconic State Parkway, and the way to NY 22 northbound is considered to be a little spur off the circle. This spur from the Kensico Circle to NY 22 is unsigned CR 68. Prior to heightened security measures enacted post-September 11 motorists could take the road that leads towards NY 22 and then drive across the top of the Kensico Dam and eventually re-connect with the Taconic State Parkway.[37]

An extension from the southern terminus in the Bronx into Soundview Park was proposed until the 1970s.[38]

Westchester designation

[edit]

The southernmost portion of the parkway in Westchester, south of the Sprain, is internally designated as NY 907G, an unsigned reference route,[39] in apparent violation of the numbering standard. Ordinarily, the second digit should be the region. New York City and Long Island, regions 10 and 11, share 0; Westchester is region 8 (the Hutchinson River Parkway also shares this oddity). The section south of here is marked only with reference markers, and the section north only with county mileposts. This middle section has county mileposts in the middle, and reference markers with state mileposts (counting from the southern terminus in the Bronx, not the city line) alongside. However, Reference Route 907G is no longer listed in the NYSDOT traffic counts[1] and the entirety of the parkway in the county is considered a county route by Westchester County.[40]

The parkway was documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 2001. Drawings and photographs from the documentation project were made available through the Westchester County Archives, winning an award of excellence from the Lower Hudson Conference.[41]

Exit list

[edit]
CountyLocationmi
[1][42][43][44]		kmExitDestinationsNotes
The BronxSoundview0.000.001Story Avenue – Soundview ParkSouthern terminus; at-grade intersection
0.2–
0.3		0.32–
0.48		2 I-278 (Bruckner Expressway) / Watson Avenue – RFK Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Manhattan, New Haven, CTSigned as exits 2E (east) and 2W (west); no northbound access to I-278 east; no southbound access to Watson Avenue
West Farms0.50.803Westchester AvenueSouthbound exit only
0.861.384 I-95 (Cross Bronx Expressway) – Throgs Neck Bridge, George Washington BridgeNo southbound entrance; exit 4B on I-95
1.11.85

 East 177th Street to NY 895 south (Sheridan Boulevard) – RFK Bridge		Southbound exit only
Bronx Park2.233.596

 Boston Road to US 1 north – Bronx Zoo
2.403.867

 US 1 south (Fordham Road) / Pelham Parkway east		Signed as exits 7E (east) and 7W (south); western terminus of Pelham Parkway
3.074.948
 Mosholu Parkway north / Allerton Avenue		Signed as exits 8E (Allerton) and 8W (Mosholu); southern terminus of Mosholu Parkway
Williamsbridge3.926.319Gun Hill Road
Woodlawn5.148.2710East 233rd StreetAlso serves Woodlawn station
WestchesterYonkers5.959.5810CBronx River Road – Yonkers, BronxSouthbound exit and entrance
6.610.610AYonkers Avenue – Yonkers, Mount VernonNorthbound exit and entrance
7.011.310BBronx River Road – YonkersSouthbound exit and entrance
7.28–
7.84		11.72–
12.62		11 Cross County Parkway – Mount Vernon, YonkersSigned as exits 11E (east) and 11W (west); exit 6 on Cross County Parkway
8.43–
8.5		13.57–
13.7		–


 Sprain Brook Parkway north to Taconic State Parkway north		Northbound exit and southbound entrance; southern terminus of Sprain Parkway
1ADesmond Avenue – YonkersSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
8.714.01Paxton Avenue – BronxvilleNo southbound exit
8.914.32West Pondfield Road – Bronxville, YonkersNorthbound exit only
9.715.63Elm Street – TuckahoeNorthbound exit and entrance
9.9215.96Northern end of freeway section
4Scarsdale Road – Tuckahoe, YonkersAt-grade intersection
10.116.36Read Avenue – CrestwoodNo entrance ramps
10.617.18 Thompson Street / Vermont Terrace – Crestwood StationSigned for Thompson Street northbound, Vermont Terrace southbound
11.1517.949Leewood Drive – EastchesterAt-grade intersection except northbound exit
11.8719.1010Harney Road / Strathmore Road – Eastchester, YonkersAt-grade intersection
Greenburgh12.620.311Ardsley Road – GreenburghSouthbound exit and entrance
Scarsdale12.8820.7312Crane Road – ScarsdaleAt-grade intersection except northbound exit; no southbound entrance
Southern end of freeway section
13.321.413Ogden Road – ScarsdaleNorthbound exit and entrance
13.822.214Butler Road – ScarsdaleNorthbound exit and entrance
14.222.915Fenimore Road / East Hartsdale Avenue – Hartsdale, ScarsdaleNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
14.423.216Greenacres Avenue – Hartsdale, ScarsdaleSouthbound exit only
15.124.317River Road – ScarsdaleNorthbound entrance only
15.224.518Claremont Road – ScarsdaleNorthbound at-grade intersection
White Plains15.4624.8819Walworth Avenue – White PlainsNorthbound at-grade intersection; access via Walworth Crossing
16.06–
16.4		25.85–
26.4		21 NY 119 (Main Street) – White PlainsSigned for NY 119 southbound, Main Street northbound; no northbound access to NY 119 west
16.526.6Northern end of freeway section
22 NY 100 / NY 119 – White PlainsAt-grade intersection; access via Central Avenue
Greenburgh17.227.723Old Tarrytown Road – GreenburghAt-grade intersection
17.8428.7124Fisher Lane – Greenburgh, North White PlainsAt-grade intersection
18.129.125Parkway Homes RoadAt-grade intersection
18.3729.5626Virginia Road – Greenburgh, Mount Pleasant, North CastleAt-grade intersection
North Castle18.830.327Lafayette Avenue / Washington Avenue – North CastleNorthbound exit and entrance
18.930.4– NY 22 (Broadway) – North Castle, Kensico Dam PlazaNo southbound exit
18.9430.48–
 Taconic State Parkway north – Albany		Continuation beyond Kensico Circle
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "2014 Traffic Data Report for New York State" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. July 22, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  2. ^ "Bronx River Parkway Reservation". Westchester County Department of Parks. 2008. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  3. ^ a b "Bronx River Parkway Exit List (Sound View to Bronxville)". nycroads.com. Eastern Roads, Inc. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  5. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  6. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  7. ^ a b "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  8. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  9. ^ "New York Botanical Garden". tps.cr.nps.gov. National Park Service. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  10. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  11. ^ "Williams Bridge Metr-North Station". as0.mta.info. Mass Transit Association. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
  12. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  13. ^ "Woodlawn Cemetery". www.thewoodlawncemetery.org. Woodlawn Cemetery. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
  14. ^ "Woodlawn". as0.mta.info/. Mass Transit Association. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  15. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  16. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  17. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  18. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  19. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  20. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  21. ^ "2010 Bronx River Parkway Bicycle Sundays : LIVING FIT Personal Training-Fitness, Nutrition and Weight Loss, Stamford, CT".
  22. ^ "Bronx River Parkway". www.dot.ny.gov. New York Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  23. ^ a b "Long Island (Vanderbilt) Motor Parkway Historic Overview". nycroads.com. Eastern Roads. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  24. ^ "bronx River Parkway Historic Overview". www.nycroads.com. Eastern Roads. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  25. ^ "Built to Meander, Parkway Fights to Keep Measured Pace". The New York Times. June 6, 1995. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  26. ^ Hershenson, Roberta (June 18, 1995). "Bronx River Parkway On an Endangered List". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  27. ^ "City Opens Bronx Park Way to Traffic". The New York Times. September 17, 1922. p. 14. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  28. ^ "Bronx Parkway Officially Opened". The New York Times. November 6, 1925. p. 26. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  29. ^ "Bronx River Parkway Extension Ready for Motorists Wednesday". The New York Times. January 6, 1951. p. 14. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  30. ^ Folsom, Merrill (January 17, 1953). "Bulldozers Rip Up Parkway's Beauty". The New York Times. p. 17. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  31. ^ "Parkway Segment to Close for Year". The New York Times. January 31, 1953. p. 21. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  32. ^ "Highway Link Reopened". The New York Times. February 19, 1955. p. 15. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  33. ^ "Highway Thrill Ending; Bronx River Parkway Section to Lose Roller Coaster Aspect". The New York Times. November 4, 1955. p. 32. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  34. ^ Bronx River Parkway Gas Station between Exits 7 and 8, 1966 (Historic Aerials Online)
  35. ^ "Characteristic Road Details (Bronx River Parkway Reservation". Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  36. ^ "Crane Road Bridge Project". Westchester County Department of Public Works. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  37. ^ Kensico Dam Plaza, From Top Of Dam. SSW. PH124 (Bronx River Parkway Reservation)
  38. ^ Fowler, Glenn (June 26, 1974). "Planning Unit Introduces Neighborhood 'Miniplans'". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  39. ^ "Bridge Inventory Manual – Appendix G: State Touring Route Numbers for Named Roads" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. April 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
  40. ^ Westchester County, New York County and State Roads and Parks (PDF) (Map). Westchester County Department of Public Works. February 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2010.
  41. ^ "Bronx River Parkway: HAER Wins Award for Documentation Project and Web Site" (PDF). Society for Industrial Archeology Newsletter. 32 (4): 15. Summer–Fall 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2007.
  42. ^ "Bronx River Parkway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  43. ^ "Bronx County Inventory Listing" (CSV). New York State Department of Transportation. August 7, 2015. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
  44. ^ "Westchester County Inventory Listing" (CSV). New York State Department of Transportation. August 7, 2015. Retrieved September 5, 2017.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Wiederholz, Christian (September 2016). "Hidden Marvel" (PDF). Modern Steel Construction. 56 (9): 32–35. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
[edit]
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