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Kerman province

Coordinates: 29°13′N 57°26′E / 29.217°N 57.433°E / 29.217; 57.433
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Kerman County.
This article is about the province in Southeast Iran. For the province with a similar name, see Kermanshah Province. For the city, see Kerman.

Kerman Province
Persian: استان کرمان
Province
Bam Fortress (2016)
Bam Fortress (2016)
Location of Kerman Province within Iran
Location of Kerman Province within Iran
Coordinates: 29°13′N 57°26′E / 29.217°N 57.433°E / 29.217; 57.433[1]
CountryIran
RegionRegion 5
CapitalKerman
Counties25
Government
 • Governor-generalMohammad Ali Talebi
Area
 • Total183,285 km2 (70,767 sq mi)
Elevation
192 m (630 ft)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total3,164,718
 • Density17/km2 (45/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
ISO 3166 codeIR-08
Main language(s)Persian
HDI (2017)0.778[3]
high · 20th
Websitewww.gov.kr.ir

Kerman province (Persian: استان کرمان)[a] is the largest of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Kerman.[4]

The province is in the southeast of Iran. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5.[5] Mentioned in ancient times as the Achaemenid satrapy of Carmania,[6] Kerman province has an area of 183,285 km2 (70,767 sq mi), encompassing nearly 11% of the land area of Iran.[7]

History

[edit]
Bronze flag, Shahdad Kerman, Iran, 3rd millennium BC
See also: Qutlugh-Khanids

According to a text from the 8th century commontly attributed to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, present-day Kerman province was situated in the southern quarter of the Sasanian Empire. The main city of the region from the Sasanian era to the 10th century was Sirjan.[8]

Early Muslim geographers considered the area as part of the hot climatic zone and the mountainous interior as home of predatory people including the Kufečs (or Kofejān). Hamdallah Mustawfi stated that predatory beasts roamed the area which by then had undergone forestation.[8]

In the 13th century it came under the rule of the Qutlugh-Khanids founded by ethnic Khitans, than under the Mongol empire. It was under the Timurid empire in 15th century.

Demographics

[edit]

Language

[edit]

The main languages of Kerman Province are Persian and Garmsiri. Smaller languages include Achomi, Turkic dialects and a Median-type dialect spoken by the Jewish and Zoroastrian communities.[9]

The Persian varieties can be considered one single Kermani accent and they are sufficiently close to Standard Persian which they share intelligibility with.[9]

Population

[edit]

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 2,584,834 in 612,996 households.[10] The 2011 census recorded a population of 2,938,988 people (1,482,339 male and 1,456,649 female) in 785,747 households. Urban areas accounted for 1,684,982 people, whereas 1,242,344 lived in rural vicinities; 6,082 were non-residents.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 3,164,718 in 932,721 households. The capital city of Kerman, with a population of 537,718, comprises about 29% of the provincial urban population of 1.85 million, being the most developed and largest city of the province.[2]

Administrative divisions

[edit]

The population history and structural changes of Kerman province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Kerman Province
Counties 2006[10] 2011[11] 2016[2]
Anar[b] — 35,295 36,897
Anbarabad 113,751 85,942 82,438
Arzuiyeh[c] — 41,979 38,510
Baft 138,847 75,940 84,103
Bam 277,835 195,603 228,241
Bardsir 84,543 73,738 81,983
Fahraj[d] — 68,038 67,096
Faryab[e] — 34,417 34,000
Gonbaki[f] — — —
Jazmurian[g] — — —
Jiroft 181,300 277,748 308,858
Kahnuj 102,269 86,290 95,848
Kerman 654,052 722,484 738,724
Kuhbanan 24,465 21,721 21,205
Manujan 63,270 64,528 65,705
Narmashir[h] — 58,229 54,228
Qaleh Ganj 69,008 76,376 76,495
Rabor[i] — 34,392 35,362
Rafsanjan 291,417 287,921 311,214
Ravar 38,539 40,295 43,198
Rigan[j] — 66,335 88,410
Rudbar-e Jonubi 86,747 104,421 105,992
Shahr-e Babak 100,192 90,495 103,975
Sirjan 239,455 267,697 324,103
Zarand 119,144 129,104 138,133
Total 2,584,834 2,938,988 3,164,718

Cities

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See also: List of cities in Kerman Province by population

According to the 2016 census, 1,858,587 people (over 58% of the population of Kerman Province) live in the following cities:[2]

City Population
Aminshahr 4,413
Anar 15,532
Anbarabad 18,185
Anduhjerd 4,041
Arzuiyeh 6,868
Baft 34,517
Baghin 10,407
Bahreman 5,265
Balvard 3,534
Bam 127,396
Baravat 22,761
Bardsir 25,152
Bezenjan 4,517
Boluk 5,304
Chatrud 5,860
Darb-e Behesht 10,670
Dashtkar 3,234
Dehaj 5,045
Dow Sari 4,130
Ekhtiarabad 9,840
Fahraj 6,876
Faryab 4,863
Golbaf 9,205
Golzar 5,445
Gonbaki 7,210
Hamashahr 3,311
Hanza 1,452
Hojedk 1,007
Jebalbarez 6,750
Jiroft 130,429
Jowzam 3,436
Jupar 3,607
Kahnuj 52,624
Kazemabad 4,060
Kerman 537,718
Khanuk 2,628
Khatunabad 5,471
Khursand 8,252
Khvajeh Shahr 2,478
Kian Shahr 4,543
Koshkuiyeh 7,644
Kuhbanan 10,761
Lalehzar 4,429
Mahan 19,423
Manujan 15,634
Mardehek 2,870
Mes-e Sarcheshmeh 5,967
Mohammadabad 20,720
Mohiabad 3,930
Najafabad 20,164
Narmashir 5,222
Negar 7,600
Nezamshahr 2,426
Nowdezh 5,562
Qaleh Ganj 13,169
Pariz 8,005
Rabor 13,263
Rafsanjan 161,909
Ravar 22,729
Rayen 10,286
Reyhan Shahr 4,580
Rudbar 14,747
Safayyeh 2,478
Shahdad 5,217
Shahr-e Babak 51,620
Sirjan 199,704
Yazdan Shahr 5,607
Zangiabad 8,568
Zarand 60,370
Zeh-e Kalut 6,835
Zeydabad 9,112

Most populous cities

[edit]

The following sorted table, lists the most populous cities in Kerman.[2]

Rank City County Population
1 Kerman Kerman 537,718
2 Sirjan Sirjan 199,704
3 Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 161,909
4 Jiroft Jiroft 130,429
5 Bam Bam 127,396
6 Zarand Zarand 60,370
7 Kahnuj Kahnuj 52,624
8 Shahr-e Babak Shahr-e Babak 51,620
9 Baft Baft 34,517
10 Bardsir Bardsir 25,152

Geography

[edit]

The altitudes and heights of the province are the continuation of the central mountain ranges of Iran. They extend from the volcanic folds beginning in Azerbaijan and, by branching out in the central plateau of Iran, terminate in Baluchestan. These mountain ranges have brought about vast plains in the province. The Bashagard and Kuhbonan Mountains are the highest in this region and include peaks such as Toghrol, Aljerd, Palvar, Sirach, Abareq and Tahrood. Other ranges that stretch out from Yazd to Kerman and Challeh-ye-Jazmoorian include high peaks like Hazaran which is 4,501 meters above sea level (ASL), Kuh-e Shah 4,402 meters ASL, Joupar, Bahr Aseman and Khabr mountain in Khabr National Park and others.

Most of the province is largely steppe or sandy desert, although there are some oases where dates, oranges (said to be the best in Iran), and pistachios are cultivated. In antiquity "Carmanian" wine was famed for its quality [Strabo XV.2.14 (cap. 726)]. The province is dependent on qanats (underground water channels) for its irrigation. In the central parts, Mount Hezar is the highest peak, 4501 meters above sea level.

Kerman is prone to natural disasters. A recent flood for example, unearthed the archeological ancient city of Jiroft, in the south of Kerman province. Arg-é Bam on the other hand, the world's largest adobe structure, was destroyed in an earthquake in December 2003. On February 22, 2005, a major earthquake killed hundreds of residents in the town of Zarand and several nearby villages in north Kerman.

Economy

[edit]

As of 1920, the province was known for the quality of its caraway.[21] Today, Kerman is where a large portion of Iran's auto industry is based. Sirjan, a specially designated economic zone, is considered a passageway for transfer of imported commercial goods from the south (through the Persian Gulf). Arg e Jadid, is another specially designated economic zone of Iran, located in Kerman Province. Furthermore, Kerman Province is famous for its abundance of pistachio fields both in the city itself and surrounding ones such as Rafsanjan, Ravar and Nooq.

Malek Mosque, Kerman, Iran.

The Gol Gohar mine, the largest iron mine in Iran,[22] is located in Kerman Province.[23]: 105 

Education

[edit]

Colleges and universities

[edit]

Kerman Province contains the following universities:

See also

[edit]

Media related to Kerman Province at Wikimedia Commons

Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Ostān-e Kermān
  2. ^ Separated from Rafsanjan County after the 2006 census[12]
  3. ^ Separated from Baft County after the 2006 census[13]
  4. ^ Separated from Bam County after the 2006 census[14]
  5. ^ Separated from Kahnuj County after the 2006 census[15]
  6. ^ Separated from Rigan County after the 2016 census[16]
  7. ^ Separated from Rudbar-e Jonubi County after the 2016 census[17]
  8. ^ Separated from Bam County after the 2006 census[18]
  9. ^ Separated from Baft County after the 2006 census[19]
  10. ^ Separated from Bam County after the 2006 census[20]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (23 May 2024). "Kerman Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 08. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Kerman province, centered in the city of Kerman". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  5. ^ "همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
  6. ^ "CARMANIA". iranicaonline.org.
  7. ^ http://www.sci.org.ir/content/userfiles/_sci_en/sci_en/sel/year85/f1/CS_01_4.HTM[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^ a b Bosworth, C. E. (2013). "KERMAN v. HISTORY FROM THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST TO THE COMING OF THE MONGOLS". Iranica Online.
  9. ^ a b Borjian, Habib (2017). "KERMAN xvi. LANGUAGES". Iranica Online. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 08. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  11. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 08. Archived from the original (Excel) on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  12. ^ Davoudi, Parviz (17 June 2009). "Anar County was added to the country". Tabnak (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  13. ^ Rahimi, Mohamad Reza (9 April 2011). "Arzuiyeh County was added to the map of country divisions, with some changes in the geography of the country". DOLAT (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  14. ^ Davodi, Parviz (4 July 2009). "Approval of the creation of one county and two new cities". Asr-e Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  15. ^ "With six changes in the geography of Kerman province: Faryab County was added to the map of country divisions". DOLAT (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. 8 February 2011. Archived from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  16. ^ Mokhbar, Mohammad (27 May 2023). "Approval letter regarding the country divisions of Kerman province". DOTIC (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  17. ^ Mokhbar, Mohammad (24 December 1401). "Letter of approval regarding the country divisions of Kerman province". Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  18. ^ Rahimi, Mohammadreza (21 September 2013). "Letter of approval regarding country divisions in Kerman province". Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Based on the approval of the government, two counties were created: Rabor County centered on Rabor city of Kerman province, and Behabad County, centered on Behabad city of Yazd province". Raja News (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. 12 August 2009. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  20. ^ Davodi, Parviz (29 July 1386). "Approval letter regarding the reforms of country divisions in Kerman province". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  21. ^ Sykes, Percy (1921). A History of Persia. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 75.
  22. ^ Assari, Amin (2019). "Defining hydrogeology of the Gohar-Zamin open pit mine, Iran: a case study in a hard-rock aquifer". Hydrogeology Journal. 27: 1479–95. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  23. ^ Bagherian, A.; Shahriar, K. (2003). "Slope Stability at Gol-E-Gohar Iron Mine" (PDF). 18"' International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey: 105–12. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
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